In the ongoing struggle for autonomy and self-determination in Myanmar, the Arakan Army (AA) has emerged as a formidable force. Under the leadership of Major General Twan Mrat Naing, the AA has made significant strides against the military junta’s State Administration Council (SAC). With control over 11 out of 18 townships in southern Chin State and Rakhine State, the AA’s influence is growing. In this exclusive interview with The Diplomat, Major General Naing, also the chairman of the United League of Arakan (ULA), sheds light on the Arakan Army’s objectives, the allegations of atrocities against the Rohingya, and their vision for the future of Rakhine State.
The Road to Liberation
When asked about the timeline for fully liberating Rakhine State, Major General Naing emphasizes the importance of the process over specific deadlines. “It is better to speak in terms of circumstances rather than time,” he says. “Restoring Arakan’s sovereignty is both a historical and dignified endeavor. We have liberated 11 townships and aim to secure more strategic locations in the coming months.”
Reflecting on the rapid expansion of the Arakan Army, Naing credits their success to lessons learned from past failures and a focus on internal capacity-building. “We have built leadership, organizational capacity, and national solidarity, which have been crucial for our success,” he explains.
Aligning with the Spring Revolution
The Arakan Army’s role in Myanmar’s broader struggle against the military regime is nuanced. Naing acknowledges the parallel objectives of different ethnic groups and their struggles for liberation. “While we have our own vision, we support the broader fight for democracy and rights in Myanmar,” he notes. “Our efforts are mutually beneficial as we fight for Arakan’s freedom while hoping for the swift success of Myanmar’s democratic movement.”
Addressing Allegations of Atrocities
The interview also tackles the sensitive issue of alleged atrocities committed by the Arakan Army against the Rohingya. Major General Naing firmly denies these allegations, emphasizing the AA’s commitment to inclusive governance. “Since establishing our administration, we have focused on social cohesion and equal treatment for all communities,” he asserts. “We have not targeted any ethnic or religious group. Any accusations should be based on credible evidence, and we are committed to addressing any verified violations seriously.”
Repatriation and Regional Cooperation
Regarding the repatriation of Rohingya refugees from Bangladesh, Naing expresses the AA’s commitment to a voluntary and dignified process. “We support safe and voluntary repatriation under conducive conditions,” he states. “We are open to cooperating with Bangladesh and other regional stakeholders to create a suitable environment for the refugees’ return.”
Naing also highlights the challenges posed by transborder crimes and the presence of militant groups that threaten regional stability. “Border security and the rule of law are essential for ensuring a safe environment for repatriation,” he adds.
Differing Perspectives with the NUG
The National Unity Government (NUG) and the Arakan Army have differing views on the Rohingya issue, with the NUG referring to them as “Bengali Muslims.” Naing explains, “While we respect the NUG’s role, our policies are influenced by our direct engagement with the Arakanese people and our historical context. Our stance on the Rohingya reflects our focus on the needs and perspectives of the Arakanese community.”
Building Governance and Administration
As the Arakan Army continues to secure territories, the establishment of a functional administration is a priority. Naing outlines their plans: “We are setting up a centralized unitary government under the ULA, with the aim of transitioning to a more decentralized model as our capacity grows. Our goal is to provide essential services and foster economic growth.”
Economic Challenges and Regional Relations
Economic difficulties persist in Arakan, particularly with resource shortages. Naing remains optimistic, citing resilience and international support as key factors in overcoming these challenges. “Despite the hardships, we are committed to expanding trade opportunities and securing support from international actors,” he says.
Resolving Regional Tensions
Addressing tensions with Chin resistance groups, Naing advocates for peaceful resolution. “We aim to build better relations and foster a spirit of brotherhood with our Chin neighbors,” he states. “Our focus is on stabilizing and securing the region to ensure the successful implementation of projects like the Kaladan Project.”
Envisioning the Future of Arakan
Looking ahead, Major General Naing envisions a future where Arakan is a sovereign and prosperous region within a confederated Myanmar. “Our objective is to achieve national self-determination while maintaining beneficial relations with other Myanmar governments,” he concludes. “We aspire to create a strong, peaceful, and dignified Arakan where all communities can thrive.”
Ref: “Arakan Army Commander-in-Chief Twan Mrat Naing on the Future of Rakhine State” Interview by Rajeev Bhattacharyya https://thediplomat.com, September 06, 2024
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